El costo de producir un film (película) puede variar enormemente dependiendo de varios factores, tales como el tipo de película, el talento involucrado, la localización del rodaje, los efectos especiales y otros elementos de producción.
Aquí se desglosan algunos de los principales costos asociados con la producción de una película:
Desarrollo del Proyecto
Guion: Pago al guionista, derechos de opción o compra del guion, revisiones y reescrituras.
Investigación: Costos asociados con la investigación necesaria para desarrollar el guion y la historia.
Preproducción
Director y Productores: Honorarios para el director y productores ejecutivos.
Casting: Pago a directores de casting y gastos asociados con audiciones.
Localizaciones: Costos de búsqueda y aseguramiento de localizaciones para el rodaje.
Diseño de Producción: Incluye el diseño de sets, vestuario, maquillaje y otros aspectos visuales.
Preparación Técnica: Alquiler de equipo, contratación de equipo técnico y diseño de efectos especiales.
Producción
Talento: Salarios de los actores principales, secundarios y extras.
Equipo Técnico: Salarios del equipo de rodaje, incluidos camarógrafos, sonidistas, electricistas, etc.
Localizaciones: Alquiler de localizaciones, permisos de rodaje y costos de desplazamiento.
Sets y Vestuario: Construcción de sets, diseño y confección de vestuarios.
Efectos Especiales: Costos de efectos prácticos y digitales.
Transporte y Logística: Transporte de equipo y personal, alojamiento, comidas y otros gastos logísticos.
Postproducción
Edición: Salarios de editores de video y sonido.
Efectos Visuales: Creación de efectos visuales por computadora (VFX).
Música: Composición, grabación y derechos de música.
Sonido: Diseño de sonido, mezcla de audio y efectos de sonido.
Colorización: Corrección de color y procesamiento de imagen.
Marketing y Distribución
Campaña Publicitaria: Publicidad en televisión, radio, internet, y otros medios.
Materiales de Promoción: Posters, trailers, y otros materiales promocionales.
Premieres y Eventos: Organización de premieres y otros eventos promocionales.
Distribución: Costos de distribución en cines, plataformas de streaming, DVD/Blu-ray y otros formatos.
Contingencias
Gastos Imprevistos: Reservas para cubrir gastos imprevistos o sobrecostos en cualquiera de las etapas de producción.
Completion bond Company
A Completion Bond Company in a film production is a specialized insurance firm that guarantees a movie will be completed on time and within budget. These companies issue a completion bond, which protects investors, lenders, and producers from financial losses if the project faces delays, budget overruns, or unforeseen issues.
How It Works
Pre-Approval & Assessment:
Before issuing the bond, the company conducts a detailed review of the script, budget, shooting schedule, and production team.
They assess financial risks and may require adjustments to minimize potential issues.
Monitoring Production:
The bond company actively monitors the production process, ensuring it adheres to the approved budget and timeline.
If issues arise, they may intervene to keep the project on track.
Intervention & Takeover (If Necessary):
If the production is at risk of not being completed, the bond company has the authority to replace key personnel, revise the schedule, or even take over the project to ensure delivery.
Major Completion Bond Companies
Some well-known firms in this field include:
Film Finances Inc. (one of the most established in the industry)
International Film Guarantors (IFG)
First Australian Completion Bond Company
Why Are Completion Bonds Important?
They reassure financiers that their investment is protected.
They help secure funding since many investors require a completion bond before committing capital.
They mitigate risks by keeping production under financial and logistical control.
ACCOUNTING GUIDELINES – Start Paperwork Packets
On their first day on a new show, crew members are given a packet of paperwork. This packet (which keeps growing in size) may include some or all of the following:
- A blank deal memo form (to be approved by the UPM after it’s completed)
- An additional DGA deal memo form for DGA members
- Payroll company’s Start/Close form (regular or loan-out); regular Start/Close forms contain a U.S. Immigration I-9 Form at the back
- If the employee is a loanout: an Inducement Form & W-9
- A blank time card
- Filmmaker’s Code of Conduct
- Request for insurance beneficiary designation/emergency contact/doctor information
- Crew Info Sheet (to be completed and kept on file in the production office)
- Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP), which includes a set of safety procedures
- Acknowledgement of Safety Guidelines
- Travel Policy Acknowledgement/Travel Accident Form
- Environmental Guidelines
- Standards of Business Conduct
- Standards of Business Conduct Acknowledgement
- An Accounting Procedures Memo (this will generally cover procedures pertaining to payroll, box rentals, vendor accounts, competitive bids, purchase orders, check requests, petty cash, assets, automobile allowances, mileage reimbursement, invoicing and additional taxable income)
- Box Rental Inventory form
- Blank Box Rental Invoice form
- Car Allowance form
- Discrimination and Sexual Harassment Policy
- EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) Form (acknowledgement of federal employment discrimination laws)
- Personal Vehicle Release
Payroll
Crew Time Card
Running your Crew through Payroll: a Step by Step Guide
The Union
Union rates
PAPERWORK
Your duties to SAG-AFTRA don’t end with the signatory process. During production (and to a lesser extent during post-production and distribution), you will have a LOT of forms to fill out and rules with which you must comply.
Delegate to a member of the producer’s team the task of making sure the production company is complying with all SAG-AFTRA’s rules and regulations. This “SAG-AFTRA compliance producer” should pay special attention to rules regarding:
- Weekly payroll reporting and delivery of checks to the Union.
- Weekly pension and health payments to the Union.
- Daily Production Time Report Form recording of production schedule and overtime.
The Three Key Areas of Film Accounting
https://tortil.com/top-7-film-budgeting-softwares-to-streamline-your-production
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=90995
